Showing posts with label cardiovascular diseases. Show all posts
Showing posts with label cardiovascular diseases. Show all posts

Monday, November 8, 2010

Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Disease - Smoking and Elevated CRP Levels

Smoking

The most important lifestyle modification in preventing atherosclerosis is to get away from the air pollution of smoking. If you’re a smoker, it’s time to stop smoking! Secondly, whether you smoke or not, avoid secondhand smoke. Cigarette smoke fills the air with over four thousand different chemicals, fifty of which have been proven to be cancer causing. Further, these chemicals trigger significant free-radical reactions that may damage the lining of the arteries. They also damage healthy cholesterol and form oxidized cholesterol, which leads to more plaque formation. Smoking also causes blood platelets to clump together and also raises fibrinogen levels, which increases your risk of both heart attack and stroke.

The bottom line is that smoking sets you up for cardiovascular disease, cancer, and other degenerative diseases. It is imperative that you take steps to get cigarettes and cigarette smoke out of your life for good – and that includes secondhand smoke.

Elevated CRP Levels

C-reactive protein (CRP) is both a marker of inflammation and a promoter of inflammation. Elevated CRP blood levels create a constant environment prone to inflammation within your entire body. When CRP levels are high, every cell in your body is vulnerable to the damaging effects of inflammation. When this chronic inflammation occurs in the blood vessels, it usually causes the atherosclerosis, which is the first step toward having a heart attack and stroke.

There are now blood tests that determine CRP levels. Numerous recent studies have shown that CRP is likely a better predictor of heart attack and stroke risk than traditional cholesterol tests alone. Those with elevated CRP levels but acceptable cholesterol levels are more likely to have heart attacks or strokes than those with high cholesterol but low CRP. Also, those with high CRP levels are less likely to survive when a heart attack or stroke does occur. We will probably be seeing more in the media in the coming years about testing CRP levels as an important means of detecting chronic cardiovascular risk.

CRP is produced in many cells of the body in response to the presence of the cytokines that promote inflammation. C-reactive protein is mainly produced by fat cells, especially belly fat, and the liver in response to excess interleukin-6 – a cytokine. CRP is released by abdominal fat and then is dumped directly into the liver. As a result, those who are overweight or obese, especially those who have abdominal fat, often have significantly higher levels of CRP in their bloodstream than do lean people.

To reduce CRP levels, you should follow a Mediterranean diet and avoid foods high in saturated fats and trans fats. You should also avoid fried foods and foods that are high glycemic – or raise the blood sugar rapidly. Sweets, white bread, white rice, and instant potatoes are prime examples of high-glycemic foods. Instead, you can choose to eat foods high in fiber, such as raw almonds, lentils, beans, peas, seeds, nuts, apples, berries, and so forth. Again, eating a Mediterranean diet is one of the simplest ways to lower CRP as well as many other risk factors.

USANA RESET has low-glycemic ingredients providing a source of sustainable energy to help control carbohydrate cravings. USANA Vitamins Supplements RESET provides balanced nutrition including everything you need for weight-loss success.

A superantioxidant found in French maritime pine bark or made from combination of grape seed, pine bark, and red wine extract has been shown to lower CRP levels. Studies have shown oligomeric proanthocyanidins (OPCs) can lower CRP by 50 percent. Most studies have used doses of 120 to 300 mg daily.

Another way to address CRP levels is by taking daily supplements that include

• Fish oil, pharmaceutical grade (1,000 mg, two to three times a day) - USANA’s BiOmega™ supplement is produced from cold-water, deep-sea fish oil and contains a balanced, concentrated daily dose of two important omega-3 fatty acids
• Coenzyme Q10 (ubiquinol) (100-200 mg a day) - USANA Vitamins Supplements CoQuinone 30 contains a full 30 mg of CoQ10 and 12.5 mg of alpha lipoic acid per soft gel capsule. USANA’s unique formulation provides these important antioxidants in a natural mixture of lecithin and vegetable-derived glycerin monooleate in a base of medium chain triglycerides
• Pine bark extract and grape seed extract, or OPCs (120-300 mg a day) -
• Red yeast rice, or LipiControl (1,200 mg, twice a day with food)
• Irvingia extract (150 mg, twice a day)

Made with no artificial flavors, sweeteners, preservatives, or colors, each USANA Rev3 Energy Drink is low glycemic to provide longer lasting energy and a natural boost. USANA Rev3 uses powerful, energy-producing ingredients to improve the body’s response to stress and fatigue and support efficient cellular energy production. Important antioxidants and phytonutrients also provide free-radical defense to help maintain optimal cellular health. USANA Rev3 products use caffeine derived from all-natural teas. Research shows that caffeine may also have positive effects on weight loss and maintenance and mental function.

Tuesday, August 17, 2010

Metabolic Syndrome

Metabolic syndrome, also known as insulin resistance syndrome, occurs when an individual has a cluster of conditions (such as hypertension and measurements (such as large waist size) that substantially increase his risk for cardiovascular diseases (including coronary heart disease, heart attack, and stroke) and diabetes.

An estimated 50 million Americans have metabolic syndrome. Several genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors interact to create metabolic syndrome in individuals. Most at risk include those who

• Are overweight – have a body mass index (BMI) of >25 and/or have abdominal obesity
• Engage in little physical activity
• Have been diagnosed with hypertension, cardiovascular disease, or polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
• Have a family history of type 2 diabetes or have a personal history of gestational diabetes
• Are Hispanic or Asian

Criteria Used to Diagnose

Although there is no standard diagnosis for metabolic syndrome, the American Heart Associate (AHA) and the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute adopted the criteria proposed by the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) and identify metabolic syndrome in those who meet at least three of the following criteria:

• Elevated waist circumference or abdominal obesity - >= 40 inches in men or >=35 in women (>-32 inches in Asian women)
• High triglycerides – 150 mg/dL or higher or if taking medication to treat high triglycerides
• Low HDL cholesterol - < 40 mg/dL in men and <50 mg/dL in women or if taking medicine to raise HDL cholesterol • Elevated blood pressure – systolic (top number) >= 130 and/or diastolic (bottom number) of >= 85 mmHg or taking medicine to lower blood pressure
• Elevated fasting blood glucose levels - >=100 md/dL

Diet and Lifestyle Prevention Recommendations

Many nutrition and lifestyle strategies used to optimize health and prevent cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and diabetes can also be used to prevent or treat metabolic syndrome and associated diseases and conditions. These include

• Weight loss if overweight, especially if you have abdominal obesity.
• Engaging in regular, consistent exercise.
• Consuming a dietary pattern consistent with MyPyramid that emphasizes fruits, vegetables, whole grains, low-fat dairy foods, fish, legumes, nuts and seeds, and healthy oils and minimizes added sugars and solid fats. It should also be rich in fiber and other key nutrients and low in saturated and trans fats, dietary cholesterol, and sodium. A Mediterranean-type diet that emphasizes plant foods and foods rich in monounsaturated fats (such as olive oil and avocados) is also a healthful option.
• Quitting smoking, if you are able to successfully stop smoking, make an effort to prevent weight gain by eating healthfully and engaging in regular physical activity.
• Getting annual check-ups with a physician to determine if you have any risk factors associated with metabolic syndrome.

Following are some specific strategies to help you improve HDL cholesterol and triglyceride levels as well as blood pressure (and therefore reduce your risk for metabolic syndrome and other diet-related diseases and conditions).

You can raise HDL or “good” cholesterol levels by:

• Losing weight
• Increasing aerobic exercise
• Emphasizing foods rich in monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats over those rich in saturated and trans fats
• Quitting smoking
• Drinking moderately (having up to one drink a day for women and up to two drinks a day for men) if you already drink

Lowering Triglycerides

You can lower your blood triglyceride level by:

• Taking 2-4 grams of fish oil supplements (in capsule form); be sure to discuss this with your physician first
• Emphasizing foods rich in monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats over those rich in saturated and trans fats
• Replacing refined grains with whole grains and reducing your intake of foods and beverages rich in simple sugars and low in nutrients (such as soda and candy)
• Avoiding alcohol
• Avoiding cigarette smoking

You can lower your blood pressure by:

• Losing weight
• Reducing sodium intake
• Increasing potassium intake

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a condition (possibly inherited) that involves menstrual irregularities and elevated levels of androgens (male hormones) in women with no other diseases. Symptoms can include multiple ovarian cysts, amenorrhea, failure of ovaries to release eggs (anovulation), excess body hair, a high rate of miscarriage, and/or infertility.