Sodium Chloride (Salt)

Salt, or sodium chloride, was the first mineral identified and regularly used as part of our diets (though in its non- or inorganic form, it plays havoc), probably because it is easily detected by the taste buds. Sodium is a major component of all body fluids, and is largely responsible for determining the body’s total water content. Together with potassium, it is a key substance in regulating the balance of body fluids. It controls the levels of electrolytes in blood plasma and helps to regulate nerve and muscle function it is also the antiseptic in lymph fluid.

Because sodium is lost in significant amounts through sweat, people living in hot climates or who exercise strenuously can run a risk of a deficiency. One of the first symptoms is a cramp, which often affects the calf or leg muscles. A serious deficiency can lead to dehydration, causing low blood pressure, dryness of the mouth, and vomiting. High sodium intakes can lead to edema (fluid retention) and high blood pressure, leading to heart failure, strokes, or kidney failure.